中外建筑

社区开敞空间可在灾时提供避难场地，增强社区的防灾韧性。本研究以呼和浩特市赛马场及周边社区为典型片区，通过网络分析法与空间叠加法，从安全性、有效性和可达性3个维度对研究区内现有开敞空间的应急避难效能进行研究。结果表明：研究区整体安全性较好，无明显地质隐患且受周边灾害影响较小；研究区内的开敞空间主要由绿地、体育运动场所、楼间/校园内空地及广场组成，但空间容灾能力存在显著区位差异；老旧小区集中区域因缺乏中心绿地、广场，以及出入口单一，导致安全有效开敞空间的可达性降低。研究以期提高社区开敞空间的应急避难效能及社区应对灾害的能力，为完善城市防灾减灾体系提供科学依据。

Community open spaces can serve as emergency shelters during disasters, thereby enhancing community disaster resilience. This study takes the Hohhot Racecourse and its surrounding communities as a typical case study area. Through network analysis and spatial overlay methods, we evaluate the emergency evacuation efficiency of existing open spaces within the study area from three dimensions: safety, effectiveness, and accessibility. Results indicate that the study area demonstrates good overall safety conditions with no significant geological hazards and minimal impact from adjacent disaster risks. Open spaces primarily comprise green spaces, sports facilities, inter-building/campus plazas, and public squares, yet exhibit notable locational disparities in disaster accommodation capacity. Concentrated older residential areas show reduced accessibility to safe and functional open spaces due to insufficient central green spaces, public squares, and single access points. This research aims to optimize the emergency evacuation performance of community open spaces and strengthen disaster response capabilities, providing scientific support for improving urban disaster prevention and mitigation systems.